Journal of University Studies

Journal of University Studies

Shifting from "Academic Mobility" to "Student Migration"; A Case Study of Iran

Document Type : Original Research Paper

Author
PhD in Social Economics from the University of Milan, Italy, and Senior Migration Analyst, Tehran, Iran
Abstract
In recent decades, the field of international education and academic mobility has undergone a significant transformation, marked by a shift from temporary student mobility to long-term student migration. This shift reflects broader global socio-economic and political changes, evolving immigration policies in destination countries, and the aspirations of international students. This study focuses on Iranian students, analyzing the dynamics and key factors contributing to the transition from academic mobility to student migration. By employing a mixed-method approach—combining quantitative and qualitative research, theoretical modeling, and policy analysis—this research examines the changing patterns of student mobility in Iran. Analytical and comparative methods, along with international data analysis and the integration of push-pull theory, human capital theory, and network theory, help provide a deeper understanding of the complex dynamics driving student migration. The findings highlight that economic, social, and political challenges, along with limited job opportunities in Iran, act as push factors, while favorable immigration policies, high-quality education systems, and attractive labor market opportunities in host countries serve as pull factors. The study reveals a remarkable increase in the number of Iranian students studying abroad in recent years, accompanied by a shift in preferred destinations—from traditional choices like the United States to emerging destinations such as Turkey. This research views the growing trend of Iranian student migration not merely as an educational endeavor but as a strategic investment for long-term residency and career advancement abroad. By offering insights into the evolving relationship between education and international migration, this study contributes to the academic literature on student mobility and migration while providing valuable perspectives for researchers and policymakers in both sending and receiving countries. Finally, the study proposes policy recommendations, including facilitating brain circulation and enhancing international collaboration between origin and destination countries, to mitigate the negative effects of student migration (brain drain), particularly in countries like Iran, where underlying challenges have intensified this trend.
Keywords

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Volume 2, Issue 2 - Serial Number 6
Winter 2024
Winter 2024
Pages 89-135

  • Receive Date 05 September 2023
  • Revise Date 30 November 2023
  • Accept Date 16 December 2023